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542 questions
Explain PIN diode and give its application.
The p-i-n diode is a stack of a very highly doped p+- layer, and nearly intrinsic layer i and a very highly doped n+ layer. The variable element is resistances are Ri, that is related to the i- layer thickness.
Explain the tunneling action in a tunnel diode.
Tunnel diode is specially made p-n junction device which exhibits negative resistance over part of the forward bias characteristics. It has extremely heaving doping on both sides of the junction and an abrupt transition from the p – side to the n- side.
What is bunching? Explain with proper diagram. Deduce the expression for the minimum length at which the first bunch will be formed.
Electrons in the electron beam produced in the cathode – anode region of the Klystron and accelerated by a d.c anode voltage passing through a pair of buncher grids, across which an R.F voltage exist are either accelerated or decelerated depending on the part of the cycle during which they cross the gap.
Write a short note on Bathe hole coupler.
Bathe hole coupler has a single centre offset hole in the common broad wall of the two guides and the coupling between port 1 and 3 is controlled by the offset of the hole i.e., the angle θ between the axis of the two guides determines the amount of coupling.
What is the advantage of heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) over BJT? Describe the advantage of operational mechanism of HBT.
The advantage of heterojunction bipolar transistor over BJT is High speed switch device and enhancement of output power.
Derive the expression for the condition for negative differential mobility of transferred effect on devices.
The generation of negative resistance in a Gunn diode is explained by the valley current. The passive electronic device absorbed or dissipated power and active devices generated the power. Power across the passive devices is I2R and across the active devices is -I2R.
Distinguish between group velocity and phase velocity.
If there is modulation in the carrier, the modulation envelope actually travels at velocity slower than that of carrier alone and of course slower than speed of light. The velocity of modulation envelope is called the group velocity Vg.
Discuss the operating principle of Faraday’s rotation isolator.
In 1845 Michael Faraday demonstrated that the plane of polarization of a linearly polarized light is rotated when it passes through ferrite materials along the direction of applied magnetic field. This is true for microwave also.
Can a circulator be used as an isolator? If so, how? Difference between circulator and isolator
Circulator can be separated into two classes, 4 port waveguide circulators based on Faraday rotation of waves propagating in a magnetized material and 3 port Y junction circulators based on cancellation of waves propagating over two different paths near a magnetized material. A circulator can also be used as an isolator.
An air filled rectangular waveguide of inside dimensions 7 X 3.5 cm2oprtates in the dominant mode TE10
The cut-off frequency in the dominant mode is
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