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542 questions
What are the basic components of communication system? Which of the above components affect the signal most with noise, in a communication system?
The basic compos of communication systems are Transmitter Transmission path
Describe why modulation is necessary for communication.
Multiplexing: Multiplexing is the technique use for transmitting several information bearing signaler the same physical channel simultaneously. It is possible; if different type of base band signal is modulate by the different high ranges carrier frequency.
Write short note on Microwave Power Measurement
Microwave power measurement devices can be divided into two categories: devices such as detector , bolometer and tocouples, whose resistance changes with the applied power and calorimeters in which the temperature rise of a known quantity of liquid being used as a load measured.
Write short notes on
At microwave frequency, the value of L and C will be so small that they cannot be practically realizable. At microwave the cavity resonator the cavity resonator can generate oscillation like L.C tuned circuit. When a short is placed across the waveguide, the wave reflected by the short, forms a standing wave along with the incident wave.
Write short note on Magnetron Oscillator.
The magnetron cross section view and field distribution inside the magnetron are presented in Fig. 38(a) and 2 respectiv. The reason behind the development of magnetron tube was the requirement of high power during the time of 2nd world war though it was invented by Hull in 1921. The basic structure of a magnetron is a number of identical resonators arranged in a cylindrical pattern around a cylindrical cathode.
What is a slow wave structure? Why does the TWT need such a structure? Explain the beam and RF interaction in such wave tube.
The slow wave structures are a special type of circuits, used in microwave tubes to reduce the wave velocity in a certain direction so that a prolonged interaction between the electron beam and the signal wave may take place.
Compare and contrast the bunching operation in a two cavity klystron and reflex klystron.
The Klystron tube operates on the principle of velocity modulation inst of current density modulation employed in conventional tubes. The idea of Klystron Amplifier was introduced by Varian brothers in 1939. The typical diagram of two cavity Klystron amplifier is depicted in Fig. 31. It consists of electron gun, buncher cavity, catcher cavity and collector. Electrons emitted by the cathode are focused by one or more focusing electrodes kept in front of the cathode.
With the neat sketch, explain working principle of a two – hole directional coupler. Derive the scattering matrix of magic Tee. A multi hole directional coupler is fed withgle power of 2.8 mW at 10 GHz. The coupling factor is 3 dB and the directivity is better than 40 dB over X-band range. Find the distribution of power at all other ports.
The ideal two holes coupler is depicted in Fig. 5. It consists of two guides the main and the auxiliary with two tiny holes between them as shown in Fig. 5. The two holes are separated from each other by the distance
What is IMPATT diode? How does the negative resistance arise in this diode?
It is possible to make a microwave diode exhibit negative resistance by having a delaytween voltage and current in an avalanche together with transit time through the material. The IMPATT diode is stand for Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit Time Device.
What is Gunn diode oscillator? What are different modes of operation of Gunn diode? Mention its applications.
A Gunn diode oscillator circuit consists of a resonant cavity. An arrangement for coupling diode to the cavity, a circuit for biasing the diode and a mechanism to couple the R.F power the diode and a mechanism to couple the R.F power from the cavity to the external circuit or load.
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